In order to provide broad access to liquidity and funding to financial institutions, the Bank of England (BoE), the European Central Bank (ECB), the Federal Reserve, the Bank of Japan, and the Swiss National Bank (SNB) are jointly announcing further measures to improve liquidity in short-term US dollar funding markets. rnrnThe BoE, ECB and SNB will conduct tenders of U.S. dollar funding at 7-day, 28-day and 84-day maturities at fixed interest rates for full allotment. Funds will be provided at a fixed rate, set in advance of each operation. Counterparties in these operations will be able to borrow any amount they wish against the appropriate collateral in each jurisdiction. Accordingly, sizes of the reciprocal currency arrangements (swap lines) between the Federal Reserve and the BoE, the ECB, and the SNB will be increased to accommodate whatever quantity of US dollar funding is demanded. The Bank of Japan will be considering the introduction of similar measures. rnrnCentral banks will continue to work together and are prepared to take whatever measures are necessary to provide sufficient liquidity in short-term funding markets. rnrnECB decisionsrnStarting on 15 October the Eurosystem will, every Wednesday, conduct a liquidity providing US dollar operation with a term of 7 days. All future auctions with a term of 7 days, 28 days and 84 days will be conducted at a fixed rate with full allotment. The 28-day and 84-day US dollar operations will be conducted according to the schedule released on 7 October 2008. As of Thursday 16 October, daily US dollar overnight operations will be conducted only if necessary in view of market developments. These measures will be in place as long as needed, and at least until January 2009.rnrnInformation on the actions taken by other central banks is available on the following websites:rnrnBank of England: http://www.bankofengland.co.ukrnrnBank of Japan: http://www.boj.or.jprnrnFederal Reserve Board: http://www.federalreserve.govrnrnSwiss National Bank: http://www.snb.chrnrn
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The neutral nominal rate in Romania has been falling since the start of inflation targeting in 2005. The Taylor Rule clearly shows that interest rates peaked in 2022 and have been on a clear downward path ever since.Furthermore, the model estimates a long-term neutral nominal rate of around 3.9%, which is the equivalent of approx. 1.4% real.Using a more sophisticated model (i.e. New York FED’S HLW model), the real neutral interest rate in Romania is estimated currently at around 1.5% (1.7% 2023 average) and the historical mean at 1.2%.This implies a neutral nominal rate between 4.00% and 4.50%. In the past decade, the NBR real effective rate was below the neutral rate and only over the past year climbed above the neutral mark.Source: Erste Bank
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